@Article{MarengoAmAlBaReRa:2020:CaIm,
               author = "Marengo, Jose A. and Ambrizzi, Tercio and Alves, Lincoln Muniz and 
                         Barreto, Naurinete de Jesus da Costa and Reboita, Michelle 
                         Sim{\~o}es and Ramos, Andrea M.",
          affiliation = "{Centro Nacional de Monitoramento e Alertas de Desastres Naturais 
                         (CEMADEN)} and {Universidade de S{\~a}o Paulo (USP)} and 
                         {Instituto Nacional de Pesquisas Espaciais (INPE)} and {Instituto 
                         Nacional de Pesquisas Espaciais (INPE)} and {Universidade Federal 
                         de Itajub{\'a} (UNIFEI)} and {Instituto Nacional de Meteorologia 
                         (INMET)}",
                title = "Changing trends in rainfall extremes in the metropolitan area of 
                         S{\~a}o Paulo: causes and impacts",
              journal = "Frontiers in Climate",
                 year = "2020",
               volume = "2",
                pages = "1--13",
                month = "Aug.",
             keywords = "climate extremes, natural disasters, climate change, South 
                         Atlantic Subtropical Anticyclone, S{\~a}o Paulo.",
             abstract = "This study analyses observed trends in extreme rainfall events in 
                         the Metropolitan Area of S{\~a}o Paulo (MASP). Rainfall data sets 
                         with more than 60 years of record in MASP are used. In MASP, 
                         extreme rainfall events represent hydro meteorological hazards 
                         that trigger flash floods and landslides. Changes in rainfall 
                         extremes can be partly due to natural climate variability. In 
                         addition, it can also be related to global warming and/or 
                         urbanization. Total annual precipitation and the number of days 
                         with precipitation of 20 mm exhibit the largest significant 
                         increase during 19302019. This is better noticed during summer. 
                         This tendency is also noticed in the number of days with 
                         precipitation of 100 mm or more. Therefore, the positive trend in 
                         annual precipitation is mainly due to an increase in the frequency 
                         of extreme precipitation events. On the other hand, our analysis 
                         shows that the number of consecutive dry days increased. Though 
                         these results appear to be contradictory, they indicate an 
                         important climate change in recent times. Intense precipitation is 
                         concentrated in few days, separated by longer dry spells. The 
                         focus is on how atmospheric circulation variations are 
                         contributing to these changes. During 19602019 the South Atlantic 
                         Subtropical Anticyclone has intensified and slightly moved 
                         southwestward of its normal position. This change influences the 
                         transport of humidity and therefore impact precipitation. This can 
                         explain the increase in the precipitation extremes in the MASP. 
                         However, other atmospheric systems may also be important.",
                  doi = "10.3389/fclim.2020.00003",
                  url = "http://dx.doi.org/10.3389/fclim.2020.00003",
                 issn = "2624-9553",
                label = "lattes: 9415435965900811 4 MarengoAmAlBaSiRa:2020:CaIm",
             language = "pt",
           targetfile = "marengo_changing.pdf",
        urlaccessdate = "09 maio 2024"
}